Valorization of Natural Byproducts Through Additive Manufacturing for Ecologically Sustainable Composite Materials: A Literature Review

This review paper explores the influence of natural byproducts on polymer matrices via additive manufacturing (AM), focusing specifically on the development of eco-friendly composite materials. A broad range of lignocellulosic residues—such as sawdust, wood chips, bark, and other related byproducts—are evaluated for their potential incorporation into polymer matrices to create filaments and pastes appropriate for AM techniques. The paper initially examines the features of natural byproducts and their typical uses, then evaluates the benefits that AM presents in comparison to conventional manufacturing techniques. Special emphasis is placed on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the developed composites, encompassing their thermal characteristics (glass transition temperature, melting point, and stability), density, and mechanical behavior under both static and dynamic loading. Furthermore, the environmental effects of these composites are thoroughly assessed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), highlighting their contribution to minimizing ecological footprints and promoting circular economy initiatives. Collectively, the findings indicate that the additive manufacturing of composites derived from natural byproducts represent a promising pathway toward sustainable industrial production.