Advances in Building Energy Management: A Comprehensive Review

Buildings are a significant contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, making their efficient management critical for achieving sustainability goals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in building energy management, with a focus on emerging technologies, renewable energy integration, energy storage, simulation-based optimization and life-cycle costing (LCC) and carbon assessment (LCA) frameworks. Furthermore, a structured and systematic methodology was employed to select, organize, and analyze the relevant studies. The review highlights promising strategies, such as IoT-based smart energy systems, which have demonstrated up to 30% reductions in energy consumption. Furthermore, the integration of renewable resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass with thermal and electrical storage supports peak load reduction and improves resilience. Widely adopted simulation platforms (EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, DesignBuilder) enable robust evaluation, while LCC and LCA frameworks provide economic and environmental insights. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in data quality, system interoperability, and the absence of standardized evaluation methodologies.