Quantifiable Elements of Seismic Image Fidelity: A Tutorial Review

The interpretability of seismic images of Earth’s interior properties relies on the quantifiable level of image fidelity. We recommend evaluating seismic image fidelity via three quantifiable elements: image resolution, artifact level, and position accuracy. Though the resolution of seismic images is routinely assessed, it is difficult to detect deceiving image artifacts or evaluate the accuracy of image position beyond the drilling limit. Many image artifacts, such as fake or distorted features, are generated by mistaking the signals in the imaging process or due to limitations in seismic illumination and imaging methods. Most image position errors are produced by erroneous velocity models used in seismic imaging. To ensure seismic image fidelity, we should establish practical evaluation standards during the processes of making and interpreting seismic images. For mitigating image artifacts and position errors, we should analyze their causes and follow practical rules, such as “from known to unknown”, in evaluating and interpreting seismic images.