A Low-Complexity Hybrid Phase Shifter Network with Shared-Control Voltage for High-Scan-Gain Phased Arrays

This article presents a low-complexity hybrid phase shifter network (PSN) with a shared-control voltage architecture for high-gain phased arrays. The proposed system integrates a 1-bit reconfigurable antenna and a voltage-controlled phase shifter in each channel, achieving continuous 360° phase tuning with low insertion loss (below−1.2 dB) and small amplitude fluctuation (±0.2 dB). A single analog control voltage, distributed through reconfigurable passive resistor dividers, replaces per-channel bias sources, significantly reducing hardware complexity. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize division ratio vectors for beam steering across a wide angular range while enhancing main-lobe gain. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with a conventional 1-bit PSN, the proposed architecture achieved up to 3.6 dB main-lobe gain enhancement while requiring only two additional control lines. This design offers an effective trade-off between performance and implementation cost for large-scale phased array systems.