Contribution of maternal gut carriage to neonatal acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in Madagascar and Cambodia
Early neonatal infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, posing significant treatment challenges. This study investigates ESBL-PE colonization in 499 mother-neonate pairs from Madagascar and Cambodia, with stool samples collected at delivery and from neonates during the first three days of life. Using short- and long-read sequencing, identical isolates or plasmids are detected within each pair to assess neonatal acquisition from maternal source. Associated risk factors are identified through multinomial regression. Maternal gut carriage accounts for only 16.5% of neonatal ESBL-PE acquisition, suggesting that most cases originate from other sources. Primiparity and the wet season are associated with an increased risk of acquisition from the mother, while cesarean delivery, neonatal resuscitation, and wet season are associated with acquisition from other sources. These findings challenge the paradigm that maternal carriage is the primary source of early neonatal ESBL-PE colonization, highlighting the need for further research into alternative sources to inform targeted interventions.
Authors
- Alexis Criscuolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-5215)
- Mamitina Alain Noah Rabenandrasana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-613X)
- Bich-Tram Huynh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-9557)
- Laurence Borand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-5900)
- Elsa Kermorvant‐Duchemin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-7945)
- Sandrine Bernabeu
- Tania Crucitti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-6038)
- Aina Harimanana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-2945)
- Navin Sreng
- Jean‐Marc Collard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-3978)
- Agathe de Lauzanne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-7660)
- Didier Guillemot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1765)
- Long Pring
- Perlinot Herindrainy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-8100)
- Sokleaph Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-2166)
- Anne-Lise Beaumont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-8847)
- Laëtitia Fabre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9048-663X)
- Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana
- Norohasina Fanja Randriamanga
Institutions
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (FR)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (FR)
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MG)
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (KH)
- Bicêtre Hospital (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-11-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65352-4
- Primary Topic
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale