Translating Mobility and Energy: An Actor–Network Theory Study on EV–Solar Adoption in Australia

This study investigates the accelerating adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) integrated with residential rooftop solar and battery storage in Australia, employing Actor–Network Theory (ANT) to elucidate socio-technical dynamics. Through purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews with 15 EV industry stakeholders were conducted and analysed using NVivo 14. Findings revealed EV–solar–storage adoption as a negotiated process shaped by alignments among human and non-human actors, structured by three interdependent obligatory passage points. First, technological integration hinges on interoperability among inverters, smart chargers, EV supply equipment, batteries, and home energy management systems. These are constrained by factors like off-street parking availability. Second, policy and market frameworks require clear interconnection standards, bidirectional charging protocols, streamlined approvals, and targeted incentives. Third, consumer engagement depends on energy literacy, equitable access for renters, and daytime charging infrastructure. Smart and bidirectional charging positions EVs as flexible energy assets, yet gaps in standards and awareness destabilise networks. This ANT-framed study offers a practice-oriented model for clean mobility integration, proposing targeted interventions such as device compatibility standards, equitable policies, and education to maximise environmental and economic benefits at household and system levels.