Influence of Particles Morphology on Thermal Transport in Tungsten Disulfide (WS2−H2O) Nanofluid Squeezing Flow in Non-Darcy Porous Media Under Cubic Stratification With Convective Transport

Abstract In the modern world, energy regulation is crucial, and thermal stratification improves the efficiency of heat transfer in devices like heat exchangers and solar collectors. Inspired by its impactful applications in industries like healthcare, aerospace, and manufacturing, this work investigates nonlinear thermal stratification in nanofluid flow between parallel plates and a stretching sheet through a non-Darcy porous medium, with a focus on convective boundary conditions. It's important to remember that the surfaces used in the squeezing process could be porous or solid. The primary objective of this investigation is to examine the flow and heat transmission properties of suspensions of tungsten disulfide nanotube (WS2) nanoparticles in water, taking into account the particles’ spherical, cylindrical, brick, platelet, and blade shapes. WS2 nanoparticles are used in many different industries, such as machinery lubrications, tribology, heat exchangers, engineering, medicine, and aerospace. Additionally, the impact of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on their performance is also investigated. Our analysis makes use of the Brinkman model for dynamic viscosity and Hamilton and Crosser's model for the nanofluid's effective thermal conductivity. We apply appropriate similarity transformations to the flow equations to simplify them and convert them into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical procedure NDSolve (built in function) is then used to solve these generated ODEs. Important findings are obtained from the graphical illustration of different factors, including flow velocity and temperature field. The results are displayed in tables that illustrate the drag force coefficient and Nusselt number. Important findings of this study are that the porosity and velocity slip factor parameters decrease velocity. Further, larger squeezing and thermal stratification parameters decrease the temperature profile, whereas larger Eckert and Biot parameters improve it. The results align well with the existing literature, confirming their accuracy.