Global trends in the commercialization of genetically modified crops in 2024

The study systematically analyzes the spatial distribution pattern and regional evolution driving mechanism of global genetically modified (GM) crops in 2024. The global planting area of GM crops reaches 209.8 million hectares, with developing countries accounting for 54.0% and their growth rate continuing to outpace that of developed countries. It provides multidimensional empirical support and decision-making basis for the optimal allocation of agricultural biotechnology resources and the formulation of food security strategies. The ongoing commercialization of GM crops continues to enhance global grain yields, improve crop quality, and reduce pesticide usage. These technological advancements have effectively propelled agricultural production systems toward sustainable transformation. Specifically, GM crops address core challenges such as pest infestations, weed proliferation, and arable land constraints, emerging as a pivotal new productive force in agriculture. This study systematically examines the global spatial distribution patterns of GM crops in 2024 and provides an in-depth analysis of the driving forces and evolving regional trends, offering critical informational support and strategic guidance for innovation in agricultural science and technology. In 2024, the global GM crop cultivation area reached 209.8 million hectares, reflecting a 1.7% year-on-year increase. GM Glycine max (soybean) and Zea mays (maize) dominated the landscape, accounting for 50.0 and 32.5% of the total area, respectively, with stacked traits maize—conferring insect resistance and herbicide tolerance—comprising up to 92.5% of GM maize. The share of cultivation in developing countries expanded substantially, with Brazil and Vietnam emerging as regional growth drivers. Policy support and the diffusion of advanced technologies were identified as core driving forces. Concurrently, gene-editing technology applications accelerated, and several countries approved novel traits—including drought tolerance and disease resistance—marking substantial progress in the commercialization of next-generation GM crops. This research provides multidimensional insights and strategic guidance to support global agricultural biotechnology development, promoting the transition of biotechnology breeding into the “4.0 era”.