Phytochemical analysis and <i>In vivo</i> evaluation of the anticancer activity of fenugreek germed seed extract in a mastocytoma model <i>DBA2</i>

This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of an aqueous extract of germinated <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> L. (fenugreek) seeds against P815 mastocytoma in <i>Dba2</i> mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including catechin, rutin, kaempferol, and gallic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids all known for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. To assess the extract's effect, <i>Dba2</i> mice were injected with P815 (H2d) cells. Tumour growth was monitored, and histological analysis was performed to evaluate tumour necrosis. Additionally, oxidative stress in tissues was assessed by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with the aqueous extract resulted in a significant reduction in tumour growth, with the highest dose achieving an inhibition rate of 86.42%. This antitumor effect was also associated with a notable decrease in oxidative stress. Overall, the findings suggest that germinated fenugreek seeds exhibit significant antitumor activity against P815 mastocytoma in <i>Dba2</i> mice.