Performance of Large Language Models and Top-Decile Doctors on an Undergraduate Ophthalmology Examination

The findings suggest that popular LLMs, particularly Claude Sonnet 4, have achieved a level of performance on par with high-performing doctors for a challenging ophthalmology examination. This study highlights the immense potential of LLMs as valuable educational tools in ophthalmology, while also underscoring the importance of their continued evaluation against rigorous clinical benchmarks and human oversight in practice.