Neurobiological basis of suicidal behavior in adolescents

Studying the biological foundations of suicidal behavior (SB) is relevant due to its contradiction of the fundamental physiological survival and self-preservation instincts. It is of particular importance in adolescents since in this age group, the prevalence of SB increases sharply. It emphasizes the need to search for reliable SB biomarkers for a valid assessment of suicidal risk and the development of preventive measures. This review presents the findings of modern biological research in the primary areas of genetics, neurochemistry, neuroimmunology, and neuroimaging, focusing on the most significant disorders associated with SB. A comprehensive study of anomalies in all the above areas helps identify a combination of the most significant ones. Additionally, understanding the various pathogenic pathways of SB development will contribute to the development of new and practical approaches to their prevention.