The balanced scorecard as a strategic management tool in urban medical groups in China: an experimental study

This study fills the research gap in applying multi-dimensional performance management tools to China's context-specific UMGs. It extends BSC's application scope from individual hospitals or general healthcare institutions to integrated healthcare systems. By validating BSC's effectiveness in driving balanced growth through grassroots accessibility enhancement and technical integration via longitudinal empirical data, the research enriches the academic literature on BSC in healthcare management and provides a novel theoretical-practical framework for similar integrated healthcare reform in middle-income countries.