A theoretical framework towards leveraging Internet of Things applications in building energy efficiency

Purpose This study explores the Internet of Things' (IoT) potential to enhance energy efficiency in buildings from a theoretical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a comprehensive literature review methodology, assessing various theories including technology acceptance theory and diffusion of innovation theory. It evaluates existing scholarly articles and case studies on Internet of Things applications in energy management, particularly within the Ghanaian context. Findings The findings indicate that the IoT has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency by automating building systems and providing real-time data for informed decision-making. However, barriers such as limited public awareness, high initial costs and technical interoperability must be overcome to facilitate effective adoption. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by the potential biases inherent in secondary data sources and a lack of extensive local studies on implementing the IoT in Ghana. Future research should address these gaps, exploring socioeconomic factors and specific barriers to adoption. Practical implications The study outlines actionable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, including establishing supportive regulatory frameworks, financial incentives and public awareness campaigns to enhance the adoption of the IoT for energy management. Social implications The integration of IoT in Ghana's built environment carries notable social implications. By improving energy efficiency, it can ease household energy burdens and enhance public service delivery. Community-centered awareness programs and demonstration projects help build public trust and cultural acceptance of technology. Financial incentives and subsidized retrofits reduce inequalities in access, addressing affordability gaps for marginalized populations. Local production initiatives will foster job creation and stimulate industrial growth, contributing to national development goals. Furthermore, inclusive stakeholder participation particularly involving district assemblies, NGOs and academia promotes social cohesion and equitable governance, ensuring that IoT adoption responds to diverse community needs and local realities. Originality/value This paper contributes original insights by focusing on the intersection of IoT technology and energy efficiency within the Ghanaian building sector, highlighting unique challenges and opportunities for stakeholders.