Beyond commensalism: genomic insights into micrococcin P1-producing <i>Staphylococcus chromogenes</i>

<i>Staphylococcus chromogenes</i> is one of the most prevalent bacteria isolated from the mammary glands of dairy animals and is primarily considered a causative agent of subclinical mastitis. However, certain strains may also act as microbial competitors that inhibit more harmful pathogens. In this study, we identified two goat-derived <i>S. chromogenes</i> strains that produce micrococcin P1 (MP1), a potent antimicrobial compound effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including major mastitis pathogens. Genomic and phenotypic analyses revealed that these strains possess low virulence potential and retain antibiotic susceptibility, suggesting a possible protective role within the mammary microbiome. This is the first report of MP1 production in this species. Our findings highlight the functional diversity within <i>S. chromogenes</i> and suggest its potential application in microbiota-based strategies for mastitis prevention and antimicrobial stewardship in livestock.