Cow-Calf Contact Systems – How Can the Accidental Crushing of Calves Be Prevented after Calving?

Cow-calf contact systems promote natural behaviour, maternal bonding, and welfare, though rare incidents like calf crushing may occur. This case study describes an accident during a trial (one case out of 13 cow-calf pairs) involving a newborn calf which was injured shortly after birth when its mother stepped on it. A veterinarian found no visible injuries, pain reaction or unusual anatomy immediately after the accident. At 44 days of age, the calf was euthanised due to emerging mobility issues. Subsequently, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed, which revealed a pelvic fracture, likely caused by the dam stepping on the calf shortly after birth. In addition to dystocia, potential contributing factors to crushing accidents may include the early removal of amniotic fluid, visibility problems of the dam due to the calf’s light coat or straw residues, a high nesting score, and the dam’s reactions to humans. The primiparous cow’s inexperience may have led to uncoordinated, harmful maternal behaviour. Although rare, crushing accidents can occur in both cow-calf contact and separation systems, especially after unobserved births. This case highlights the need to refine post-calving management to protect animals. Key measures include preserving olfactory cues, limiting human interference, and supporting cows’ needs.