Umbilical Endometriosis: A Case Report

Endometriosis is characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. When this tissue appears in regions beyond the reproductive organs, it is referred to as extragenital endometriosis. One rare form of this condition is primary umbilical endometriosis, where ectopic endometrial tissue is found in the umbilicus. Common symptoms include an umbilical mass and cyclical discharge related to menstruation. However, diagnosis is often delayed due to its rarity. The exact cause of this condition remains unclear. While histological examination is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, imaging techniques can also play a significant role. We present a case of extragenital endometriosis of the umbilicus. The patient experienced cyclical pain and swelling in the umbilicus. A CT scan revealed a nodule in the umbilicus with no accompanying intra-abdominal pathology. Complete excision of the umbilicus confirmed the diagnosis of an umbilical endometrioma. Our goal is to highlight the importance of considering umbilical endometriosis in the differential diagnosis of abdominal or umbilical pain, especially in women of reproductive age, to improve patient outcomes.