Novel Modifications in Endodontic Bioceramics to Improve their Properties: A Narrative Review.

Bioceramics (BCs) have gained significant popularity in various dental applications, including regenerative procedures, apexification, and root-end filling obturation, due to their remarkable characteristics, such as biocompatibility, sealing ability, and bioactivity. Despite their versatile applications, these materials possess few drawbacks, including extended setting time, discoloration, granular consistency, and complex handling. It is imperative to consider reformulating these materials in order to improve their properties and meet their special needs. Additionally, further research is needed to ensure their safety for clinical use. In recent decades, modifications in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition and properties have been a topic of research interest. This study aims to review recent advancements in modifying the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of this versatile material and introduce some new commercial products to help practitioners select their required material wisely and assist researchers in planning future investigations.