Bilateral synchronous papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity and renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma: a case report and review of the literature

This represents the first documented case of synchronous bilateral occurrence of PRNRP and RCC-FMS. It highlights significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging features with more common renal tumors. It underscores the critical role of multimodal imaging (ultrasound, CT) combined with meticulous histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetic analysis for accurate diagnosis. The generally indolent nature of both tumors supported successful nephron-sparing surgical management. This unique case emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for rare tumor subtypes and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the diagnosis and tailored treatment of complex renal masses.