Genome-Wide Identification and Diversity Analysis of DGAT1, DGAT2, LPAT2, WRI1, FAD2, FAD3, and FAE1 Genes in Terms of Breeding Importance in Brassica carinata

Abyssinian mustard, or carinata (Brassica carinata), is currently considered one of the most promising alternative oilseed crops, particularly for liquid biofuel production. Breeding and genetic engineering studies that enhance seed oil quality and yield have become increasingly important as the agricultural use of this crop expands. Leveraging publicly available genomic resources for carinata simplifies crop improvement and enables a targeted focus on loci or genes involved in lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of genes regulating fatty acid and neutral lipid synthesis (DGAT1, DGAT2, LPAT2, WRI1, FAD2, FAD3, and FAE1) in the allopolyploid species B. carinata. A total of 24 genes were identified, with each enzyme encoded by multiple homoeologs. These genes shared a high degree of sequence similarity but differed in noncoding regions (introns and promoter sequences), which allowed us to identify several microsatellite loci specific to each gene family. The results support the development of highly accurate molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding, which will accelerate the creation of B. carinata varieties with enhanced oil quality and increased seed oil content.