Exploring corporate strategies for inclusive development at the base of the pyramid in Brazil

Purpose Research has increasingly shown that achieving both profitability and inclusive development at the base of the pyramid (BoP) is more challenging than initially anticipated. Recent perspectives argue that the potential for inclusive development lies within the BoP itself, shifting the focus from profit-driven strategies to empowering local communities. Therefore, this study aims to examine how large Brazilian companies promote inclusive development at the BoP. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative exploratory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with executives from companies selected for their social responsibility agendas towards the BoP. The authors triangulated primary data with secondary data (company reports and websites as well as business media) to improve accuracy. Data were professionally transcribed and coded in NVIVO. Findings The findings, analysed through the theoretical lenses of BoP 2.0/3.0, inclusive development and corporate philanthropy, reveal that companies integrate these frameworks to guide their initiatives. Large Brazilian companies anchor their efforts on two strategic pillars – partnerships and scalability – while driving change through three key elements: education, wealth generation and territorial impact. Research limitations/implications While these strategies demonstrate significant potential for fostering resilience and long-term development within BoP communities, their impacts require further scrutiny to evaluate possible externalities, such as dependency or the reinforcement of structural inequalities. Originality/value This study offers important theoretical contributions by bridging the BoP, corporate philanthropy and inclusive development literatures, demonstrating how these frameworks converge in the context of corporate engagement in Brazil. It advances the understanding of how large firms integrate these principles into their operations to navigate complex socio-economic environments and balance commercial interests with societal impact.