Employee well-being in robot, artificial intelligence and service automation-integrated workplace: A scoping review

Orientation: The integration of Robot, Artificial Intelligence and Service Automation (RAISA) has transformed the workplace, reshaping work processes and efficiency. However, RAISA also brings complex implications for employee well-being. Research purpose: This study aimed to explore determinants, intervening variables and theoretical frameworks associated with employee well-being in RAISA-integrated workplaces through a scoping review. Motivation for the study: Despite the rapid expansion of RAISA, research on its impact on well-being remains fragmented. A scoping review provides a structured synthesis to guide future research and inform practical strategies, including human resource management (HRM) initiatives that foster well-being. Research approach/design and method: Peer-reviewed studies were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed and Taylor & Francis. Following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 studies were charted to answer the research questions. Main findings: Employee well-being in RAISA contexts is affected by personal factors (e.g. awareness, efficacy, job insecurity) and organisational factors (e.g. leadership, job design, support systems). Mediators and moderators such as self-efficacy, emotional responses and leadership styles influence how these factors relate to well-being. Theoretical frameworks, like Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), offer robust explanations of the dynamic interactions between studied variables. Practical/managerial implications: The review highlights the need for HRM to balance RAISA’s efficiency gains with strategies that support employee health, development and resilience. Contribution/value-add: By synthesising fragmented literature, this study provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and offers valuable insights for organisational strategies to manage human impacts of RAISA, particularly regarding well-being.