Sustainable approaches to fashionable denim fading: New perspectives on conventional and modern garment washing techniques

Abstract Sustainable denim washing is growing as an important priority in the fashion industry, as brands and manufacturers prioritise environmental sustainability. This review figures out that conventional denim washing approaches require a lot of water, energy and hazardous chemicals, which have a negative impact on the environment. It indicates that the industry has begun to shift towards more sustainable practices by implementing technologies such as laser fading, ozone treatments and enzyme‐based processes. These approaches significantly reduce the environmental impact. Emerging innovations, such as artificial intelligence‐driven water recycling systems, automated machinery and closed‐loop production models, have the potential to increase efficiency and reduce waste. However, widespread implementation faces ongoing challenges, such as high costs, chemical management, scalability and the requirement for higher worker safety standards. Certification systems and supply chain transparency are increasingly being used to validate sustainability claims and meet rising consumer demand for sustainable production and consumption. This review also summarises current developments and identifies gaps in technology, policy and practice, pointing out the importance of cross‐sector collaboration in moving the denim industry towards greater environmental sustainability. It aims to provide a comprehensive foundation for researchers, denim industries, apparel brands and stakeholders interested in long‐term ethical practices in the denim washing industry.