Tire Çanı (Campanula phitosiana) Koruma Biyolojisi

Despite Türkiye's rich biodiversity, studies on protecting its plant species are scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the conservation biology of the critically endangered endemic plant, Campanula phitosiana Yıldırım & Sentürk, classified by the IUCN Red List. We collected extensive plant data, analyzed the geological characteristics of its habitat, and examined its pollinators, reproductive biology, self-fertilization, sprouting rates. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) of the plant is 16 km² with 14,116 individuals. It is pollinated by four families, primarily Megachilidae and Halictidae, active between 9 am and 5 pm. Unique to the Tire district of Izmir province, it is classified as CR B1ab (ii,iii,v) by the IUCN. The plant is not autogamous. The habitat's soil is pH neutral, low in salt, lime-free, humus-free, low in potassium, sufficient in iron, rich in copper and manganese, sandy, moderate in phosphorus, low in calcium, insufficient in sodium, and adequate in zinc. The flower's pollen grains are 6,648,330, with a 48.53 % vitality, and the ovary forms 1,153 ovules. The seed conversion success rate is 53.87 %. Seed viability is 43.25 %. This study provides information that can be used for the conservation and sustainability of Campanula phitosiana plant.