The concept and content of criminological counteraction to youth extremis

The subject of the research is a comprehensive analysis of criminological counteraction to youth extremism as a systemic socio-legal phenomenon. The paper examines in detail the conceptual foundations of this counteraction, including its essential characteristics, regulatory and legal support and organizational mechanisms of implementation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the determination of youth extremism in modern conditions, the interrelation of socio-economic, psychological and informational factors contributing to the spread of extremist manifestations among young people is considered. The subject of the study analyzes the system of subjects of prevention, their competence and forms of interaction, as well as the effectiveness of applied measures of general and special criminological prevention. A separate aspect is the study of the victimological component and the specifics of the use of preventive technologies in the digital environment. The purpose of the work is to conceptualize the concept and revise the content of criminological counteraction to youth extremism in modern conditions through the identification of systemic relationships between its elements. The methodology is based on the application of system-structural and intersectoral approaches, combining methods of comparative legal, formal-logical and criminological analysis, which made it possible to study the object as an integral phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a comprehensive concept of criminological counteraction to youth extremism, integrating victimological and preventive approaches. For the first time, a classification of the factors of victimization of youth in the digital environment has been proposed with the allocation of three levels: personal-psychological, socio-environmental and technological. A typology of victims of extremist recruitment has been developed, taking into account the transformation of their status from an object of manipulation to a subject of illegal activity. The necessity of differentiating the legal regulation of preventive activities depending on the stages of personal radicalization is substantiated. The conclusions of the study indicate the systemic nature of the determination of youth extremism, which requires the transformation of public policy from a power paradigm to a comprehensive risk management model. The key conclusion is the need to reallocate resources in favor of primary prevention based on early identification of risk groups and neutralization of destructive content in the digital environment. The effectiveness of creating a multi-level system of re-socialization with the involvement of social educators, psychologists and former members of extremist communities has been proven. The practical significance of the findings is confirmed by the possibility of their use in the development of departmental programs of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as in the formation of regional strategies for the prevention of radicalization.