Prevalence of Insomnia by Sex in U.S. Service Members: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review begins to address the gap by providing prevalence estimates of insomnia among SMs by narrowing wide-ranging prevalence estimates to a pooled range of 18-23% and demonstrating higher odds among females compared to males. Findings provide a more precise epidemiologic estimate and highlight the need for standardized insomnia measurement tools, expanded and consistent sex- and branch-specific research, and the incorporation of occupational and contextual factors. Addressing these gaps is critical to inform health planning and to support future sex- and branch-specific efforts to optimize readiness across the U.S. military.