Exploration for the model of three-dimensional layered confirmation of sea area rights based on the concept of intensive sea use

• Proposes 4-layer marine spatial model enabling vertical resource co-utilization in sea areas. • Identifies compatibility matrix for layered sea-use rights. • Validates 4 intensive-use models. • Synthesizes China’s 3D sea-use policy evolution & proposes governance reforms for sustainable implementation. With the increasing demand for the development and utilization of Marine space, the usage of sea area in three-dimensional style has become a powerful means to alleviate the contradiction of sea use and enhance the value of sea area resources. According to the structure characteristics of the sea space, the sea space is divided into four layers: above sea level space (D1), seawater space (D2), Quaternary sedimentary layer space (D3) and bedrock layer space (D4). Based on the summary of the types of available resources for each layer, the paper discusses the confirmable right to use the sea and the compatibility for different layers. From the Angle of intensive, efficient and green sea use, four typical three-dimensional development modes of sea area are put forward. In view of the contradiction between the existing management system and the usage of sea area in three-dimensional style, the optimization suggestions for usage of sea area in three-dimensional style are put forward from the aspects of compatibility assessment system, coordination and compatibility of layered right in sea area, and three-dimensional property right system.