An Overview of Real-Time Bus Tracking in Smart Bus Stop System

Abstract: The “An Overview of Real-Time Bus Tracking in Smart Bus Stop System” aims to enhance public transport accessibility in areas with limited or no internet connectivity. The system employs GPS modules mounted on buses to continuously capture location coordinates. This data is transmitted to bus stops through a LoRa-based wireless communication network, ensuring reliable long-distance data transfer with minimal power consumption. An ESP32 microcontroller at each bus stop receives and interprets the transmitted information to calculate and display the bus’s estimated arrival time (ETA) on an LCD or LED display. By operating independently of cellular networks, the system provides a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and scalable solution for rural and remote transportation networks. The proposed system improves passenger convenience, reduces idle waiting times, and contributes to the modernization of rural mobility infrastructure.