Spigelian hernia in children: A systematic review

Spigelian hernia in children is a rare but clinically important entity that should be considered in cases of unexplained recurrent abdominal pain, lateral abdominal wall swelling, or cryptorchidism. Early recognition using high-resolution ultrasound and prompt surgical intervention are critical to prevent life-threatening incarceration. Congenital defect of the Spigelian fascia underlies most pediatric cases, and the frequent association with ipsilateral undescended testis suggests a developmental interplay. Surgical repair has excellent outcomes. Increased awareness of pediatric SH among clinicians is necessary to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, thereby avoiding complications and improving patient outcomes.