Efficacy of Immunostimulatory Adjuvants and Nano‐Adjuvants in Current SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review
Immunostimulatory and nano-adjuvants substantially strengthen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity, support antigen-sparing, and favor balanced (often Th1-biased) protection. Prudent adjuvant selection and integration of conventional and nanotechnology-derived platforms are key to achieving safe, durable, and broadly protective COVID-19 vaccines.
Authors
- Ehsan Shokri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-5637)
- Mohsen Ghiasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-5804)
- Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-4344)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-9811)
- Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1370)
- Hanieh Mirkamali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2550-0537)
Institutions
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (IR)
- Royan Institute (IR)
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (IR)
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (IR)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (IR)
- Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center (IR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Health Science Reports
- Published
- 2025-11-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71405
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00