Cerebral vasculitis as a severe complication of acute infectious meningoencephalitis—a case series of five different pathogens

Infectious cerebral vasculitis can occur irrespective of the causative agent's nature. Known typical risk factors are an immunocompromised state of the patient; delayed diagnosis and treatment; and the presence of age-related vascular changes, although this complication can also occur completely unexpectedly. Infarcts may even occur in the weeks following the infection. In case of an infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, also the possibility of antibiotic resistance must increasingly be kept in mind. To our knowledge, we are the first to report fatal HHV‑6 encephalitis and vasculitis in a previously healthy 49-year-old male treated with oral steroids for alopecia areata without any history of solid organ or stem cell transplantation.