The Impact of Body Composition on the Development of Sensory Integration Deficits in Children – Analysis of Correlations and the Importance of Preventive Measures

<ns3:p>Introduction: The growing prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age children may adversely affect not only somatic health but also nervous system functioning, including sensory integration. Resulting deficits can lead to impaired coordination, balance, and social functioning. Early identification of risk factors and preventive actions is essential to reduce long-term consequences.Objectives: To analyze the relationship between body composition and sensory integration levels in 10-year-old children, and to assess the importance of educational and preventive measures in early intervention.Materials and Methods: The study included 134 children (69 girls, 65 boys) from the Świętokrzyskie region, divided into groups with normal posture and scoliosis. Assessments included bioimpedance (Tanita MC-780), stabilography (Biodex Balance System, mCTSIB), and photogrammetry (Diers Formetric III 4D). ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were performed, incorporating anthropometric variables.Results: Body weight and fat mass showed significant correlations with sensory integration and balance test results. A strong association was found between higher BMI and poorer balance performance on a soft surface with eyes closed, particularly among children with scoliosis. Overweight children exhibited lower sensory integration and more deficits in proprioceptive and vestibular processing.Conclusions: Excess body fat may increase the risk of sensory integration deficits in children. The findings support the implementation of early educational and preventive strategies to promote healthy lifestyles, encourage physical activity, and monitor sensorimotor development in school-aged populations.</ns3:p>