Primary cholangiocarcinoma of the adrenal gland: a surgical and diagnostic challenge – a case report

This case represents the first known report of cholangiocarcinoma arising in the adrenal gland, broadening the differential diagnosis for adrenal incidentalomas. It underscores the critical role of advanced histopathologic and genomic profiling in evaluating atypical adrenal lesions, especially in patients without a known primary malignancy. Comprehensive diagnostic workup and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of rare adrenal tumors.