Questionnaire development and validation for adolescent social media sports content production

Objective To develop a questionnaire on social media content production among adolescents and to test its reliability and validity. Methods This study was an empirical investigation that recruited middle school students from a secondary school in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China. The preliminary questionnaire was developed based on a combination of semi-structured interviews and a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. A total of 672 adolescents served as the initial test subjects, with 336 questionnaires undergoing item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the remaining 336 questionnaires undergoing confirmatory factor analysis. A reliability test was conducted using a retest questionnaire administered to 62 adolescent retest subjects. Results The adolescent social media sports content production questionnaire comprises two dimensions-user-generated content (UGC) and professional-generated content (PGC)-and nine items. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the questionnaire had good fit indices (CMIN/DF = 4.352, RMSEA = 0.031, RMR = 0.024, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.992); The internal consistency of the total questionnaire reached 0.883, with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients for each dimension exceeding 0.7, and test-retest reliability at 0.792; validity analysis showed significant correlations between dimensions and between sub-dimensions and the total questionnaire. Conclusion The questionnaire developed in this study for assessing social media content production among adolescents demonstrates good reliability, validity, and discriminative power, and can serve as an evaluation tool for social media sports content production among adolescents.