Anatomical delineation of the tubarial gland amidst ongoing debate: Macroscopic study with microscopic validation and novel duct discovery

Conflicting anatomical descriptions and functional interpretations have emerged regarding glandular structures located in the nasopharynx, particularly near the Eustachian tube. While some studies describe them as microscopic submucosal or tubal glands, others propose a distinct gland potentially salivary in nature. However, the majority of existing research has relied on imaging or histological analysis, with limited gross anatomical exploration. In view of these divergent perspectives and the paucity of macroscopic data, the present study aims to investigate this region through detailed cadaveric dissection, supplemented by microscopic validation, to clarify the structural identity and anatomical consistency of the glandular tissue in question. The study was conducted on 118 sides of embalmed adult cadaveric head specimens. Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the gland were recorded via dissection. Microscopic features were evaluated on 10 cadaver sides using Hematoxylin & Eosin and special stains to validate the macroscopic findings. A well-defined, lobulated glandular structure with a translucent covering was consistently identified deep to the mucosa of the tubal elevation and salpingopharyngeal fold, extending variably into the oropharynx, often reaching the lower border of the soft palate. The gland appeared as an elongated, triangular structure in this region. A distinct macroscopic duct was observed arising from the posterior aspect of the gland, coursing toward the pharyngeal recess; its presence and orientation were subsequently confirmed through histological examination. Microscopically, the gland exhibited a compound tubuloalveolar architecture, predominantly composed of mucous acini, along with a well-developed ductal system and the presence of myoepithelial cells. The duct opening was located near the junction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, as indicated by the transition in epithelial lining between these two regions. This cadaveric study establishes the consistent presence of a well-defined glandular structure located beneath the mucosa of the tubal elevation and salpingopharyngeal fold, with variable extension into the oropharynx. For the first time, a macroscopic excretory duct was documented, arising from its posterior aspect and opening into the pharyngeal recess. The gland exhibited a distinct shape, reproducible location, and could be excised in toto, affirming its status as a discrete anatomical entity. Histological validation confirmed a compound tubuloalveolar architecture with mucous predominance and a well-developed ductal system. While its precise physiological role remains to be determined, these findings provide a definitive anatomical framework that can guide future radiological, functional, and clinical investigations.