Lymph Node‐Targeted Nanomaterials for Controlled Nano‐Immunotherapy

Lymph nodes (LNs), as critical components of the lymphatic system, serve as the primary site for adaptive immune responses and represent important therapeutic targets for various diseases. Studies demonstrate that LN metastasis of malignant tumors constitutes a major cause of mortality in cancer patients, highlighting the crucial importance of achieving precise drug accumulation in LNs for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. While significant progress has been made in optimizing lymph‐targeting capabilities through rational design of nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems, the immunological mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved remain to be fully elucidated. This review focuses on elucidating the interaction mechanisms between nanoparticles and immune cells within LNs through investigating the distribution, retention, and immunomodulatory effects of nanodrugs. By integrating tumor microenvironment characteristics, we aim to precisely regulate the targeted delivery behavior of nanoparticles, thereby advancing the development of enhanced cancer immunotherapy.