Historical perspective in technological advances in lithium-ion battery development

The commercial world has made significant progress in lithium-based battery technology over the past three decades. The history of lithium-based batteries spans a lengthy timeline of substantial innovations and setbacks, beginning with the first lithium-metal anodes and continuing to the current generation of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This review records the historical evolution of lithium-based batteries, from early lithium-metal prototypes hindered by dendrite formation and safety concerns to the commercialization of LIBs in 1991. We will also investigate the significant contribution that material science has made to the development of LIBs. Due to advances in LIB research and the numerous materials under investigation, several subfields of materials science have attracted varying degrees of research focus. Initial research into lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) mainly concentrated on solid-state physics as the primary area of interest. However, in the latter half of the 20th century, researchers focused on studying the morphological features of electrode materials. These properties included surface coating, porosity, size, and form. That helps identify the specific anode and cathode materials that will be compatible with future generations of batteries. To provide a comprehensive picture of LIB's development over history, this analysis will also offer an in-depth explanation of the circumstances that have driven the numerous technological advances.