IoT-Based Smart Infusion Monitoring and Control System Using ESP32

Infusion is a common medical procedure used to treat conditions such as gastric acid and typhoid, where precise fluid administration is critical. This study presents the development of an IoT-based smart infusion monitoring and control system using an ESP32 microcontroller, designed to automatically monitor infusion volume and regulate drip rate in real-time. The system integrates a load cell sensor to measure infusion fluid weight, a photodiode sensor to detect drip rate, and a servo motor to adjust the flow rate adaptively. It features web-based monitoring, buzzer alerts, and an LCD display for local feedback. The system was tested in a clinical simulation with an infusion requirement of 1500 mL per 24 hours and various drip factors (15, 20, and 60 drops/mL). The infusion volume status is automatically categorized into three levels: FULL (>350 mL), HALF (150–350 mL), and WARNING (<150 mL). Based on 10 test scenarios, the system accurately classified volume levels and triggered warnings when volume dropped below 150 mL. For example, in Test-08 to Test-10, volumes of 139.67 mL, 87.34 mL, and 40.53 mL were correctly detected as “WARNING” with buzzer alerts activated. The load cell sensor achieved excellent accuracy, with an error margin between 0.02% and 0.06%, while the system maintained drip-rate stability within a ±5% tolerance range. It also dynamically adjusted the servo angle to correct under- or over-drip conditions. These results confirm that the system delivers accurate, automated, and responsive infusion control, making it suitable for healthcare settings with limited staff to improve safety and efficiency.