Teaching methods for building human capital for the twin transition: a skill-based approach

The growing demand for qualified professionals for the twin green and digital transition exceeds the supply of candidates, highlighting the urgency of effective educational methods for qualifying individuals in a circular economy (CE). However, despite the CE field having made several advances in terms of academic research and practical applications, teaching the CE has not received proper attention. Recently, the skills required in a twin transition have been defined, along with a framework identifying which of these skills should be fostered at the Higher Education (HE) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) levels. However, it is still not clear which teaching methods are most suitable to support education in CE. This study, based on a systematic literature review, identifies 11 teaching methods, such as case studies, project-based learning, and gamification, that develop technical, digital and resilience skills. Given the continuous evolution and interdisciplinarity of the CE, particularly when combined with digital technologies, the delivery of knowledge necessitates appropriate and flexible approaches. By providing theoretical and practical implications, the study guides educators and policymakers in creating curricula aligned with market demands, contributing to the European Commission's Skills Plan and promoting interdisciplinary education for the twin transition. • Eleven teaching methods were identified, including case studies, field visits, and gamification; • CE skills were linked to teaching methods, promoting technical and resilience skills; • Tests and practical projects are used to measure learning and teaching effectiveness; • Digital tools like e-learning platforms and simulation enhance training delivery; • Innovative methods fill skills gaps, preparing professionals for the twin transition.