Fuzzy-enhanced cooperative control of multiple virtual synchronous generators for grid-connected energy storage systems

To resolve the issues of power oscillation and frequency instability in microgrids integrating multiple energy storage systems (ESS) with varying capacities, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based adaptive cooperative control strategy for multi-virtual synchronous generators (VSGs). First, a torque compensation mechanism is introduced to eliminate steady-state frequency deviations in conventional VSG and achieve precise power sharing based on capacity ratios. Second, a fuzzy logic system is leveraged to dynamically adjusts virtual inertia during frequency changes, thereby suppressing high-frequency oscillations and harmonics which arise from inconsistent responses of parallel VSGs. Furthermore, multi-agent consensus theory is integrated with fuzzy logic to ensure output synchronization of grid-connected storage inverters, effectively mitigating inter-VSG oscillations and enhancing system stability. Finally, comprehensive validation via simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments confirms the proposed framework’s superiority in dynamic operating conditions, demonstrating improved system stability and response. • Integrates frequency feedback with capacity-based power allocation to eliminate steady-state deviations. • A dual-layer fuzzy logic controller dynamically adjusts virtual inertia to suppress oscillations. • Enables frequency self-synchronization in multi-VSG systems via multi-agent fuzzy cooperation.