The performance, pyrolysis mechanism and environmental functions of forest surface fuel biochar

Traditional wildfire fuel management faces critical barriers due to high cost, carbon emissions, and operational risks. While biochar technology offers a solution, the poor awareness of forest fuel biochar hinders its global implementation. Here we produced biochar from boreal and temperature forest surface fuels. Large-scale characterization revealed its composition, performance, and the chemical and molecular changes of the carbon components. The pyrolysis mechanism was clarified, and advanced analysis was integrated to predict functions and quantify the relationships between raw material, pyrolysis conditions, biochar properties, and functions. It was demonstrated that fuel biochar has important functions in mitigating greenhouse benefits, improving soil, and pollution control. The proposed conversion strategy enables permanent carbon dioxide sequestration of at least 383.61-712.18 kg per ton of fuel. We conclude that biochar represents an innovative alternative to conventional fuel management for more effective mitigation of both wildfires and climate warming. Biochar production through pyrolysis of boreal and temperature forest surface fuels provides sustainable, low-carbon alternative to traditional forest fuel management in reducing wildfire risks and mitigating the greenhouse effect.