Infectious microbes and spectrum of cancer: Need to sharpen the depth and broaden the width

Cancer is a disease marked by impaired cell cycle control, growth, and survival. Due to these phenomena, genetic modifications are harbored in the cell because of various factors. These factors can be attributed to lifestyle habits such as smoking, taking alcohol, mutations, or DNA damage due to exposure to chemical agents, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and immune or inflammatory responses. These chronic inflammatory responses are typically caused by persistent infections due to microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other parasites. The immune and inflammatory reactions triggered by these microorganisms activate signaling pathways that lead to changes in the microbiome of the environment. These changes in the signaling cascade, as well as the microenvironment, led to tumorigenic growth of the host cells present in the vicinity of inflammatory regions. Sometimes these cells escape detection by the immune system cells, which further helps in maintaining the microenvironment supporting the tumor growth. This review article focuses on the various infection-causing microorganisms and associated mechanisms that are involved with cancerous growth, which will sharpen our depth and broaden the width of understanding in this field. Overall, the article presents information on various infections and their different perspectives on causing cancer to the medical community on a single platform. Further in-depth understanding will enable us to diagnose microbes-induced cancer early and treat cancer effectively. • Some microorganisms cause various cancers in the host worldwide. • Review discussed various microorganisms and associated mechanisms involved in cancer. • Review broadens our understanding of cancer in close relationships with microorganisms. • Altering the microbial population composition can be a useful strategy for patients to recover. • In-depth understanding will be able to diagnose microbes-induced cancer early