A review on MXene materials for CO₂ capture: Adsorption and separation perspectives

• This review critically examines recent advances in MXene-based systems for CO₂ management, including their roles in physical and chemical adsorption. • The review also discusses the engineering challenges related to scalability, oxidative stability, and compatibility with existing industrial infrastructures. • This review links various functional roles of MXenes across the carbon management value chain, thus highlighting the multifunctionality of MXenes and their relevance in circular carbon economy frameworks. • This review offers a comprehensive roadmap to the practical realization of MXene-based CCU technologies by critically comparing performance metrics such as adsorption capacity, membrane selectivity, and Faradaic efficiency. . MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as versatile and high-performance materials for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. Their large surface area, adjustable surface terminations, and excellent electrical conductivity make them highly suitable for applications ranging from CO₂ adsorption and membrane separation to catalytic conversion. This review critically examines recent advances in MXene-based systems for CO₂ management, focusing on their roles in physical and chemical adsorption and integration into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Notable performance metrics include adsorption capacities ranging from 4.2 to 6.8 mmol/g, Faradaic efficiencies up to 85%, and photoconversion rates exceeding 400 µmol/g·h. The review also discusses the engineering challenges related to scalability, oxidative stability, and compatibility with existing industrial infrastructures. Furthermore, MXenes are highlighted as key enablers in the transition towards a circular carbon economy, offering multifunctionality across various CCU stages. Despite hurdles related to synthesis and policy integration, MXenes present strong potential as next-generation materials for sustainable carbon-neutral technologies. The review concludes by outlining future directions, including green synthesis strategies, composite material engineering, techno-economic assessments, and the development of regulatory frameworks to support real-world deployment.