Research progress on the effects of coffee on malignant tumors of the digestive system

The effects of coffee on health have been the focus of research, and the relationship between coffee and cancer of the digestive system has attracted widespread attention. In this review, we describe the effects of coffee on digestive system cancer, with a view to provide a reference for related research and clinical practice. Some studies have suggested that the antioxidants in coffee may play a role in inhibiting cancer cell growth, and that moderate coffee consumption may help prevent certain digestive cancers, such as liver cancer. However, studies have also suggested a link between caffeine and acidic substances and gastric precancerous lesions, reporting that long-term excessive consumption of coffee may increase the risk of digestive cancer. Other studies have come to different conclusions about the relationship between coffee and digestive cancer, which may be related to factors such as sample size, study design, coffee intake, and individual tolerance to caffeine. In addition, the type of coffee, roasting method, and preparation method may impact the study results. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system, particularly liver and bowel cancers. However, the study results may be influenced by various factors, including the study design sample size, type of coffee, and consumption. Therefore, in future studies, the specific relationship between coffee and digestive system malignancy and its mechanism should be explored in more depth. • Coffee consumption decreases the risk of various digestive system cancers. • Coffee contains caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and diterpenoids with anti-cancer activity. • Bioactive compounds in coffee induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. • Caffeine inhibits cancers related to regulation of the immune system.