The social anatomy of AI anxiety: gender, generations, and technological exposure

AI-related anxiety is a reliable and multidimensional construct, driven more by psychological dispositions and technology experience than by demographic characteristics. The findings suggest actionable pathways for mitigating anxiety, including targeted AI literacy initiatives, strengthening self-efficacy, and transparent communication regarding sociotechnical impacts. These interventions may support informed and equitable AI integration across clinical, educational, and policy contexts.