Retrospective study of clinically relevant maxillary and mandibular anatomy in all skull types of dogs and cats

Caution should be taken when performing infraorbital and maxillary nerve blocks in mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs ≤10 kg and all cats. Using proper technique, brachycephalic ≥11kg dogs may be at lower risk of accidental globe trauma during infraorbital nerve block. The deep maxillary nerve block should not be used in cats or small dogs. The maxillary nerve block, using the modified infraorbital canal approach, combined with the author's recommended safe needle/catheter insertion distances should provide safe, effective analgesia administration. Mean measurements for mandibular molar to mandibular foramen, and maxillary molar to maxillary foramen may be used for surgical planning and ligation for hemostasis for caudal mandibulectomies and maxillectomies, particularly when CT imaging is not available.