Steering Accuracy Analysis of Cam Mechanism in Complex Trajectory Based on Return Error of Gear Transmission

The trajectory accuracy of equipment with complex motion paths presents a critical engineering challenge. Targeting the precision issues in the operating trajectory of a carbon-free car, this paper proposes an optimization method for complex mechanical trajectories. Firstly, this study investigates gear backlash-induced return error on the steering precision of a carbon-free cam mechanism of cars. Secondly, considering the cumulative return error of gear transmission between gear groups, a comprehensive mathematical model was established to guide the optimization of cam structure. Finally, the steering accuracy before and after optimization is quantitatively evaluated by trajectory calculation. In addition, the optimized structure was tested and compared with the numerical calculation. The experimental and numerical calculation results are highly consistent. The numerical calculation results show that by adjusting the transmission ratio of the gear set and optimizing the cam profile, the cam deflection angle error is reduced by 24.74% and 27.15%, respectively, and the comprehensive cumulative deflection error of the car is significantly reduced by 45.31%. More importantly, the research provides crucial technical support and guidance for achieving precise control and planning complex paths in automated production lines.