Self-Assembled Peptides: A New Generation of Vaccine Adjuvant Platform

The advent of precision medicine has spotlighted subunit and peptide-based vaccines, which offer high safety but often require potent adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. Self-assembled peptides have emerged as a promising adjuvant platform due to their ease of synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable structural properties. Recent advances highlight their potential in boosting vaccine efficacy, with self-assembled peptides forming highly ordered architectures that are conducive to immune system activation. This review discusses the key factors driving peptide self-assembly and explores their evolving role as innovative vaccine adjuvants, alongside challenges and future development directions.