A comparative immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis of human gingiva in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis : a cross-sectional study
Smoking induces significant histological and vascular changes in the gingiva, including epithelial thickening, reduced collagen density, and decreased microvascular density, while maintaining the neovascular potential. These findings highlight smoking as a critical modulator of periodontal tissue pathogenesis, and reinforce the importance of smoking cessation in mitigating periodontal disease progression.
Authors
- Delfin Lovelina Francis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-1322)
- Akash Kumar Giri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6932-1388)
- Saravanan Sampoornam Pape Reddy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-6125)
- Dibyajyoti Boruah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-5083)
Institutions
- Indian Army (IN)
- Lumbini Buddhist University (NP)
- Lumbini Eye Institute (NP)
- Armed Forces Medical College (IN)
- Saveetha University (IN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Oral Health
- Published
- 2025-11-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07233-2
- Primary Topic
- Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh