Association between maternal and child minimum dietary diversity in urban informal settlements: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Mumbai, India

Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is associated with malnutrition, influencing children’s growth and development. Understanding the relationship between maternal and child MDD is crucial as mothers play a central role in food preparation and child feeding. This study examines the alignment between maternal and child MDD and the factors influencing each, to inform nutrition interventions in resource-limited settings. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 398 mother-child dyads (children aged 6–23 months) residing in urban informal settlements in Mumbai. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between maternal and child MDD and to identify factors associated with each. Only 31.4% of children met MDD, compared to 43.5% of mothers. Maternal MDD was the strongest predictor of child MDD (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.813, 7.906). Child age and availing benefits of the Public Distribution System were also significantly associated with child MDD. For maternal MDD, their well-being and partner’s education level were key predictors. Despite shared household environments, children consumed fewer fruits, vegetables, and flesh foods than mothers, suggesting selective feeding practices. Behavior change communication should focus on promoting a shared meal between children and mothers. In addition, strengthening social protection schemes, supporting maternal well-being and engaging fathers in interventions may enhance dietary diversity outcomes for both mothers and children.