Pesticide-related occupational risks among retail employees in Kelantan, Malaysia: a preliminary study

Although retail employees who sell pesticides are susceptible to health risks from exposure to these chemicals, their vulnerability is often underestimated due to their exposure levels being relatively lower than those of agricultural workers. This preliminary study investigated the risk factors associated with handling pesticides among pesticide retail stores in Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 31 employees from 15 stores to gather information on pesticide handling practices, protective measures and the products sold during store visits. The respondents had between one and 30 years of experience and worked five to seven days a week for seven to nine hours a day. While nearly all employees wore long sleeves and long pants, fewer used non-absorbent gloves (23) and/or non-absorptive footwear (11). Only eight wore disposable masks, and seven used face shields or goggles. Reported health complaints included dyspnoea, conjunctivitis, and skin irritation – symptoms potentially linked to pesticide exposure. Product sales were dominated by liquid formulations (up to ten per store), followed by powders and granules (three each). The most commonly sold products were herbicides and insecticides, with up to eight and five products sold, respectively. Fourteen stores sold at least one product classified as Class II, while at least one store sold up to seven products that were classified as Classes III or IV. Ten stores sold at least one unregistered pesticide, and three stores sold expired products. These findings highlight the insufficient use of protective equipment and frequent exposure to hazardous chemicals. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted safety training, the consistent use of personal protective equipment and stronger regulatory enforcement within pesticide retail environments.